Iranian pilots attacked US bases without GPS, according to a deputy coordinator of Iranian Army Air Force, who described how the mission relied on old-school navigation to stay undetected:

INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY

Iranian pilots attacked US bases without GPS, according to a deputy coordinator of Iranian Army Air Force, who described how the mission relied on old-school navigation to stay undetected: Our pilots were trained to guide the fighter jets in various missions using only maps and rudimentary systems, without relying on GPS or INS [inertial navigation]. Perhaps our trump card was that there was no outgoing signal—not even a radio signal—from our aircraft, and probably on the first day, the enemy